nixos-router/pkgs/router-webui/main.go

// router-webui: a small web UI for a nixos-router configured by settings.json.
//
// It edits the settings, then asks systemd to run router-apply (build and
// activate with commit-confirm) and router-confirm. It never builds anything
// itself.
//
//	router-webui [-listen :443] [-config DIR] [-state DIR] [-leases FILE]
//	router-webui passwd FILE   (reads the new password from stdin)
//	router-webui unbundle FILE DIR   (stages an update bundle; FILE - is stdin)
//	router-webui leases-dns          (publishes DHCP clients' names in Unbound)
package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"crypto/ecdsa"
	"crypto/elliptic"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"crypto/x509/pkix"
	"embed"
	"encoding/pem"
	"errors"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"html/template"
	"io"
	"io/fs"
	"log"
	"math"
	"math/big"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"os/signal"
	"path/filepath"
	"slices"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"syscall"
	"time"
)

//go:embed templates/*.html static/*
var embedded embed.FS

// assets is what the UI serves: the embedded files, or with -assets DIR (for
// development) a directory whose templates are re-read on every request.
var assets fs.FS = embedded

func main() {
	if len(os.Args) > 1 && os.Args[1] == "leases-dns" {
		leasesDNS(os.Args[2:])
		return
	}
	if len(os.Args) == 3 && os.Args[1] == "passwd" {
		if err := setPassword(os.Args[2]); err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		return
	}
	if len(os.Args) == 4 && os.Args[1] == "unbundle" {
		var in io.Reader = os.Stdin
		if os.Args[2] != "-" {
			f, err := os.Open(os.Args[2])
			if err != nil {
				log.Fatal(err)
			}
			defer f.Close()
			in = f
		}
		if err := unbundle(in, os.Args[3]); err != nil {
			log.Fatal(err)
		}
		return
	}
	listen := flag.String("listen", ":443", "address to serve HTTPS on")
	configDir := flag.String("config", "/var/lib/router/config", "configuration directory (settings.json)")
	stateDir := flag.String("state", "/var/lib/router", "state directory (secrets, UI state)")
	leases := flag.String("leases", "/var/lib/kea/dhcp4.leases", "Kea's DHCPv4 lease file")
	dev := flag.String("assets", "", "serve templates/ and static/ from this directory, re-read on every request (development)")
	flag.Parse()
	if *dev != "" {
		assets = os.DirFS(*dev)
	}

	sys := System{ConfigDir: *configDir, StateDir: *stateDir}
	// What was installed is confirmed; later router-confirm keeps this copy.
	if _, err := os.Stat(sys.confirmedPath()); errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
		if data, err := os.ReadFile(sys.settingsPath()); err == nil {
			if err := writeFileAtomic(sys.confirmedPath(), data, 0o600); err != nil {
				log.Printf("recording confirmed settings: %v", err)
			}
		}
	}

	cert, err := loadOrCreateCert(filepath.Join(*stateDir, "webui"))
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	metrics := newCollector(sys, *leases)
	srv := &http.Server{
		Addr:              *listen,
		Handler:           newApp(sys, metrics, *dev != "").routes(),
		TLSConfig:         &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert}, MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12},
		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
	}

	// On stop (a switch restarts the UI) the metric history is saved.
	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGTERM, os.Interrupt)
	defer stop()
	collected := make(chan struct{})
	go func() {
		metrics.Run(ctx)
		close(collected)
	}()
	go func() {
		<-ctx.Done()
		shutdown, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
		defer cancel()
		srv.Shutdown(shutdown)
	}()
	log.Printf("listening on %s", *listen)
	if err := srv.ListenAndServeTLS("", ""); !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	<-collected
}

func setPassword(path string) error {
	line, err := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin).ReadString('\n')
	if err != nil && line == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("reading the password from stdin: %w", err)
	}
	password := strings.TrimRight(line, "\r\n")
	if len(password) < 8 {
		return errors.New("the password must have at least 8 characters")
	}
	hash, err := hashPassword(password)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return writeFileAtomic(path, []byte(hash+"\n"), 0o600)
}

// loadOrCreateCert keeps a self-signed certificate in dir; browsers will warn
// once, then the fingerprint stays the same.
func loadOrCreateCert(dir string) (tls.Certificate, error) {
	certFile, keyFile := filepath.Join(dir, "cert.pem"), filepath.Join(dir, "key.pem")
	if cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile); err == nil {
		return cert, nil
	}
	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
		return tls.Certificate{}, err
	}
	key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
	if err != nil {
		return tls.Certificate{}, err
	}
	host, _ := os.Hostname()
	tmpl := &x509.Certificate{
		SerialNumber: big.NewInt(time.Now().UnixNano()),
		Subject:      pkix.Name{CommonName: host},
		NotBefore:    time.Now().Add(-time.Hour),
		NotAfter:     time.Now().AddDate(20, 0, 0),
		KeyUsage:     x509.KeyUsageDigitalSignature,
		ExtKeyUsage:  []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth},
		DNSNames:     []string{host, "localhost"},
	}
	if addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs(); err == nil {
		for _, a := range addrs {
			if ipnet, ok := a.(*net.IPNet); ok {
				tmpl.IPAddresses = append(tmpl.IPAddresses, ipnet.IP)
			}
		}
	}
	der, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, tmpl, tmpl, &key.PublicKey, key)
	if err != nil {
		return tls.Certificate{}, err
	}
	keyDER, err := x509.MarshalECPrivateKey(key)
	if err != nil {
		return tls.Certificate{}, err
	}
	if err := writeFileAtomic(keyFile, pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "EC PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: keyDER}), 0o600); err != nil {
		return tls.Certificate{}, err
	}
	if err := writeFileAtomic(certFile, pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: der}), 0o644); err != nil {
		return tls.Certificate{}, err
	}
	return tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
}

type app struct {
	sys      System
	metrics  *Collector
	sessions *sessions
	dev      bool // re-read the templates on every request
	funcs    template.FuncMap
	pagesMu  sync.Mutex
	pages    map[string]*template.Template
	loginMu  sync.Mutex // one login attempt at a time
}

func newApp(sys System, metrics *Collector, dev bool) *app {
	a := &app{sys: sys, metrics: metrics, dev: dev, sessions: newSessions(30 * time.Minute)}
	a.funcs = template.FuncMap{
		"short": func(p string) string {
			if i := strings.LastIndex(p, "/"); i >= 0 && len(p) > i+34 {
				return p[i+34:] // drop /nix/store/<hash>-
			}
			return p
		},
		"duration": func(d time.Duration) string { return d.Round(time.Second).String() },
		"seconds":  func(d time.Duration) int { return int(d.Seconds()) },
		"list":     func(xs ...string) []string { return xs },
		"bytes":    formatBytes,
		"age":      formatAge,
		"ago":      func(t time.Time) string { return formatAge(time.Since(t)) },
		"until":    func(t time.Time) string { return formatAge(time.Until(t)) },
		"value":    formatValue,
		"ms":       func(d time.Duration) string { return formatValue(float64(d.Microseconds())/1000, "ms") },
		"isNaN":    math.IsNaN,
		"chartW":   func() float64 { return chartW },
		"chartH":   func() float64 { return chartH },
		"join":     strings.Join,
		"choices":  choices,
		"tform": func(t WGTunnel, csrf string, isNew bool) map[string]any {
			return map[string]any{"T": t, "CSRF": csrf, "New": isNew}
		},
	}
	pages, err := a.parseTemplates()
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	a.pages = pages
	return a
}

func (a *app) parseTemplates() (map[string]*template.Template, error) {
	files := map[string][]string{"overview": {"templates/dashboard.html"}}
	pages := map[string]*template.Template{}
	for _, page := range []string{"login", "overview", "network", "dhcp", "dns", "wireguard", "firewall", "advanced", "update"} {
		t, err := template.New("layout.html").Funcs(a.funcs).
			ParseFS(assets, append([]string{"templates/layout.html", "templates/" + page + ".html"}, files[page]...)...)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		pages[page] = t
	}
	return pages, nil
}

// page returns a template; in development it first re-reads them (a typo
// keeps the previous version and is logged).
func (a *app) page(name string) *template.Template {
	a.pagesMu.Lock()
	defer a.pagesMu.Unlock()
	if a.dev {
		if pages, err := a.parseTemplates(); err != nil {
			log.Printf("templates: %v", err)
		} else {
			a.pages = pages
		}
	}
	return a.pages[name]
}

func (a *app) routes() http.Handler {
	mux := http.NewServeMux()
	static, _ := fs.Sub(assets, "static")
	mux.Handle("GET /static/", http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServerFS(static)))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /login", a.loginPage)
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /login", a.login)
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /logout", a.auth(a.logout))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /{$}", a.auth(a.overview))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /apply", a.auth(a.apply))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /confirm", a.auth(a.confirm))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /discard", a.auth(a.discard))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /network", a.auth(a.networkPage))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /network", a.auth(a.network))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /advanced", a.auth(a.advancedPage))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /advanced", a.auth(a.advanced))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /vlan", a.auth(a.vlan))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /dns", a.auth(a.dnsPage))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /dns", a.auth(a.dns))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /wireguard", a.auth(a.wireguardPage))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /wireguard/save", a.auth(a.wireguardSave))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /wireguard/delete", a.auth(a.wireguardDelete))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /wireguard/client", a.auth(a.wireguardClient))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /wireguard/import", a.auth(a.wireguardImport))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /firewall", a.auth(a.firewallPage))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /firewall", a.auth(a.firewall))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /dhcp", a.auth(a.dhcpPage))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /dhcp", a.auth(a.dhcp))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /dashboard", a.auth(a.dashboardFragment))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /prefs", a.auth(a.savePrefs))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /backup", a.auth(a.backup))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /update", a.auth(a.updatePage))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /update/url", a.auth(a.updateSaveURL))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /update/check", a.auth(a.updateCheck))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /update/install", a.auth(a.updateInstall))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /update/upload", a.updateUpload)
	return securityHeaders(mux)
}

func securityHeaders(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		h := w.Header()
		h.Set("Content-Security-Policy", "default-src 'none'; style-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; connect-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none'; base-uri 'none'")
		h.Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
		// Not no-referrer: under it browsers send "Origin: null" with form posts.
		h.Set("Referrer-Policy", "same-origin")
		h.Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

type page struct {
	Title    string
	CSRF     string
	Refresh  int // seconds; 0 = none
	Flash    string
	Error    string
	LoggedIn bool
	Data     any
}

func (a *app) render(w http.ResponseWriter, name string, p page) {
	if err := a.page(name).Execute(w, p); err != nil {
		log.Printf("rendering %s: %v", name, err)
	}
}

const cookieName = "router-session"

// auth requires a session; for POSTs also a matching CSRF token and, if the
// browser sends one, a same-origin Origin header.
func (a *app) session(r *http.Request) (session, bool) {
	c, err := r.Cookie(cookieName)
	if err != nil {
		return session{}, false
	}
	return a.sessions.get(c.Value)
}

func (a *app) auth(h func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, session)) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		sess, ok := a.session(r)
		if !ok {
			http.Redirect(w, r, "/login", http.StatusSeeOther)
			return
		}
		if r.Method == http.MethodPost {
			if !sameOrigin(r) || r.PostFormValue("csrf") != sess.csrf {
				http.Error(w, "forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
				return
			}
		}
		h(w, r, sess)
	}
}

// Sec-Fetch-Site first (browsers may send "Origin: null" for same-origin
// form posts), then Origin; requests with neither (curl) pass.
var crossOrigin = http.NewCrossOriginProtection()

func sameOrigin(r *http.Request) bool {
	return crossOrigin.Check(r) == nil
}

func (a *app) loginPage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	p := page{Title: "Log in"}
	if _, err := os.Stat(a.sys.passwordPath()); err != nil {
		p.Error = "No password is set. Set one on the router: router-webui passwd " + a.sys.passwordPath()
	}
	a.render(w, "login", p)
}

func (a *app) login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if !sameOrigin(r) {
		http.Error(w, "forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
		return
	}
	a.loginMu.Lock()
	defer a.loginMu.Unlock()
	stored, err := os.ReadFile(a.sys.passwordPath())
	ok := false
	if err == nil {
		ok, err = checkPassword(string(stored), r.PostFormValue("password"))
		if err != nil {
			log.Printf("password file: %v", err)
		}
	}
	if !ok {
		time.Sleep(time.Second)
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
		a.render(w, "login", page{Title: "Log in", Error: "Wrong password."})
		return
	}
	id, _ := a.sessions.create()
	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
		Name: cookieName, Value: id, Path: "/",
		HttpOnly: true, Secure: true, SameSite: http.SameSiteStrictMode,
	})
	http.Redirect(w, r, "/", http.StatusSeeOther)
}

func (a *app) logout(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
	if c, err := r.Cookie(cookieName); err == nil {
		a.sessions.delete(c.Value)
	}
	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{Name: cookieName, Path: "/", MaxAge: -1, Secure: true, HttpOnly: true})
	http.Redirect(w, r, "/login", http.StatusSeeOther)
}

type overviewData struct {
	Status    Status
	Dashboard dashboard
}

func (a *app) overview(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
	st := a.sys.Status()
	p := page{Title: "Overview", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Flash: r.URL.Query().Get("msg"),
		Data: overviewData{Status: st, Dashboard: a.dashboardData(r.URL.Query().Get("range"))}}
	switch {
	case st.Applying || st.ConfirmRunning:
		p.Refresh = 2
	case st.RollbackIn > 0:
		p.Refresh = 10
	}
	a.render(w, "overview", p)
}

func back(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, msg string) {
	http.Redirect(w, r, "/?msg="+url.QueryEscape(msg), http.StatusSeeOther)
}

func (a *app) apply(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
	if err := a.sys.Apply(); err != nil {
		back(w, r, "Could not start applying: "+err.Error())
		return
	}
	back(w, r, "Applying the settings.")
}

func (a *app) confirm(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
	if err := a.sys.Confirm(); err != nil {
		back(w, r, "Could not confirm: "+err.Error())
		return
	}
	back(w, r, "Confirming.")
}

func (a *app) discard(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
	if err := a.sys.Discard(); err != nil {
		back(w, r, "Could not discard: "+err.Error())
		return
	}
	back(w, r, "Changes discarded; the settings match the confirmed system again.")
}

type networkData struct {
	Form       Form
	Errors     FormErrors
	Interfaces []string
	Devices    []Device
}

// devices lists what the interface dropdowns offer for the form f.
func (a *app) devices(f Form) []Device {
	return f.devices(Interfaces(), a.sys.loadPrefs().VLANs)
}

// vlan defines or removes a VLAN device for the dropdowns. It lives in the
// UI's preferences: nothing is rebuilt until a WAN or LAN uses it.
func (a *app) vlan(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
	s, err := loadSettings(a.sys.settingsPath())
	if err != nil {
		http.Redirect(w, r, "/network?msg="+url.QueryEscape(err.Error()), http.StatusSeeOther)
		return
	}
	prefs := a.sys.loadPrefs()
	msg := ""
	switch {
	case r.PostFormValue("add") != "":
		parent := strings.TrimSpace(r.PostFormValue("parent"))
		id, ok, perr := optionalInt(r.PostFormValue("id"), 1, 4094)
		dev := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%d", parent, id)
		switch {
		case !ifaceRe.MatchString(parent) || strings.Contains(parent, "."):
			msg = "Choose the interface the VLAN is on."
		case perr != nil || !ok:
			msg = "The VLAN ID must be a number from 1 to 4094."
		case slices.Contains(prefs.VLANs, dev):
			msg = dev + " exists already."
		default:
			prefs.VLANs = append(prefs.VLANs, dev)
			slices.Sort(prefs.VLANs)
			msg = "Added " + dev + "."
		}
	case r.PostFormValue("remove") != "":
		dev := r.PostFormValue("remove")
		for _, d := range s.form().devices(Interfaces(), prefs.VLANs) {
			if d.Name == dev && !d.Removable {
				msg = dev + " is in use."
			}
		}
		if msg == "" {
			prefs.VLANs = slices.DeleteFunc(prefs.VLANs, func(v string) bool { return v == dev })
			msg = "Removed " + dev + "."
		}
	}
	if err := a.sys.savePrefs(prefs); err != nil {
		msg = "Saving: " + err.Error()
	}
	http.Redirect(w, r, "/network?msg="+url.QueryEscape(msg), http.StatusSeeOther)
}

// choices are the dropdown entries for a device: all known devices, plus the
// current value if it is not among them (an interface this machine lacks).
func choices(devices []Device, current string) []string {
	var out []string
	for _, d := range devices {
		out = append(out, d.Name)
	}
	if current != "" && !slices.Contains(out, current) {
		out = append(out, current)
	}
	return out
}

func (a *app) networkPage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
	s, err := loadSettings(a.sys.settingsPath())
	p := page{Title: "Network", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Flash: r.URL.Query().Get("msg")}
	if err != nil {
		p.Error = err.Error()
		a.render(w, "network", p)
		return
	}
	f := s.form()
	f.LANs = append(f.LANs, LANForm{DHCP: true}) // a row to add a LAN
	p.Data = networkData{Form: f, Interfaces: Interfaces(), Devices: a.devices(f)}
	a.render(w, "network", p)
}

func formFromRequest(r *http.Request) Form {
	f := Form{
		HostName: r.PostFormValue("hostName"),
		Domain:   r.PostFormValue("domain"),
		WAN: WANForm{
			Interface:     strings.TrimSpace(r.PostFormValue("wan.interface")),
			Type:          r.PostFormValue("wan.type"),
			PPPoEUser:     r.PostFormValue("wan.pppoe.username"),
			IPv6:          r.PostFormValue("wan.ipv6") == "on",
			PPPoEPassword: r.PostFormValue("wan.pppoe.password"),
		},
	}
	n, _ := strconv.Atoi(r.PostFormValue("lans"))
	for i := range min(n, 64) {
		v := func(k string) string { return r.PostFormValue(fmt.Sprintf("lan.%d.%s", i, k)) }
		f.LANs = append(f.LANs, LANForm{
			Name:      v("name"),
			Interface: strings.TrimSpace(v("interface")),
			Address:   v("address"),
			Prefix:    v("prefix"),
			Internet:  v("internet") == "on",
			IPv6PD:    v("ipv6pd") == "on",
			DHCP:      v("dhcp") == "on",
			PoolStart: v("poolStart"),
			PoolEnd:   v("poolEnd"),
			Remove:    v("remove") == "on",
		})
	}
	return f
}

func (a *app) network(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
	p := page{Title: "Network", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true}
	s, err := loadSettings(a.sys.settingsPath())
	if err != nil {
		p.Error = err.Error()
		a.render(w, "network", p)
		return
	}
	f := formFromRequest(r)
	password, err := s.apply(f, a.sys.pppoePath())
	if err != nil {
		var fe FormErrors
		errors.As(err, &fe)
		f.WAN.PPPoEPassword = ""
		f.WAN.PasswordSet = s.form().WAN.PasswordSet
		p.Error = "Please correct the marked fields."
		p.Data = networkData{Form: f, Errors: fe, Interfaces: Interfaces(), Devices: a.devices(f)}
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
		a.render(w, "network", p)
		return
	}
	if password != "" {
		if err := writeFileAtomic(a.sys.pppoePath(), []byte(password), 0o600); err != nil {
			p.Error = "Storing the PPPoE password: " + err.Error()
			a.render(w, "network", p)
			return
		}
	}
	if err := s.save(a.sys.settingsPath()); err != nil {
		p.Error = "Saving: " + err.Error()
		a.render(w, "network", p)
		return
	}
	back(w, r, "Saved. Apply to make the changes take effect.")
}

type advancedData struct {
	Settings    string
	PingTargets string
}

func (a *app) advancedPage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
	data, err := os.ReadFile(a.sys.settingsPath())
	p := page{Title: "Advanced", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Flash: r.URL.Query().Get("msg"),
		Data: a.advancedData(string(data))}
	if err != nil {
		p.Error = err.Error()
	}
	a.render(w, "advanced", p)
}

func (a *app) advancedData(settings string) advancedData {
	return advancedData{Settings: settings, PingTargets: strings.Join(a.sys.loadPrefs().PingTargets, ", ")}
}

func (a *app) advanced(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
	text := r.PostFormValue("settings")
	s, err := parseSettings([]byte(text))
	if err != nil {
		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
		a.render(w, "advanced", page{Title: "Advanced", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Data: a.advancedData(text), Error: err.Error()})
		return
	}
	if err := s.save(a.sys.settingsPath()); err != nil {
		a.render(w, "advanced", page{Title: "Advanced", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Data: a.advancedData(text), Error: err.Error()})
		return
	}
	back(w, r, "Saved. Apply to make the changes take effect.")
}