Add a web UI for settings-configured routers

router-webui (Go, standard library only) edits settings.json: host
name, WAN (DHCP or PPPoE), LANs with DHCP, and the raw JSON for the
rest; keys the forms do not know are kept. It applies and confirms by
starting router-apply.service and router-confirm.service, which a
switch never restarts, and shows the build log and the rollback
countdown. HTTPS with a self-signed certificate, a PBKDF2 password
hash, CSRF tokens and an Origin check; reachable from management LANs
only (new router.managementPorts).

router-apply records the settings it built and router-confirm keeps
them as settings.confirmed.json (new rollback.onConfirm hook), so the
UI can tell unapplied changes and discard them.

checks.apply now also logs in from a LAN client, discards the change
left by the rollback, edits the DHCP pool, applies and confirms.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

modules/router/firewall.nix

@@ -226,7 +226,9 @@ in
             } } accept # wireguard"
           }
           ${lib.optionalString (dhcpIfaces != [ ]) "iifname ${set dhcpIfaces} udp dport 67 accept"}
-          ${lib.optionalString (mgmtIfaces != [ ]) "iifname ${set mgmtIfaces} tcp dport 22 accept"}
+          ${lib.optionalString (mgmtIfaces != [ ]) "iifname ${set mgmtIfaces} tcp dport { ${
+              lib.concatMapStringsSep ", " toString ([ 22 ] ++ config.router.managementPorts)
+            } } accept"}
         }
 
         chain forward {

modules/router/options.nix

@@ -481,6 +481,16 @@ in
       );
     };
 
+    managementPorts = mkOption {
+      type = types.listOf types.port;
+      default = [ ];
+      example = [ 443 ];
+      description = ''
+        TCP ports on the router, besides SSH, reachable from LANs and tunnels
+        with `allowManagement` (the web UI adds its own).
+      '';
+    };
+
     dns.domain = mkOption {
       type = types.nullOr types.str;
       default = null;

modules/router/rollback.nix

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ let
       current=$(readlink -f /run/current-system)
       ${config.nix.package}/bin/nix-env -p ${profile} --set "$current"
       "$current/bin/switch-to-configuration" boot
+      ${cfg.onConfirm}
       echo "router: confirmed $current"
     '';
   };
@@ -64,6 +65,12 @@ in
       default = true;
       description = "Install the commit-confirm helpers `router-arm`, `router-confirm` and `router-rollback`.";
     };
+    onConfirm = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.lines;
+      default = "";
+      internal = true;
+      description = "Shell commands `router-confirm` runs once the current system is confirmed.";
+    };
     timeout = lib.mkOption {
       type = lib.types.str;
       default = "5min";

modules/settings/default.nix

@@ -26,9 +26,13 @@
 }:
 let
   cfg = config.routerSettings;
+  profile = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/system";
   settings = lib.importJSON cfg.file;
   system = settings.system or { };
 
+  pending = "/run/router-pending-settings.json";
+  confirmed = "${cfg.stateDirectory}/settings.confirmed.json";
+
   apply = pkgs.writeShellApplication {
     name = "router-apply";
     runtimeInputs = [
@@ -37,18 +41,29 @@ let
     ];
     text = ''
       timeout=''${1:-${config.router.rollback.timeout}}
+      # Remember what is being built: confirming records it (the web UI shows
+      # settings that differ from it as not yet applied).
+      building=$(mktemp /run/router-building.XXXXXX)
+      cp ${cfg.directory}/settings.json "$building"
       echo "router: building ${cfg.directory}"
       new=$(nix build --no-link --print-out-paths --out-link /run/router-pending \
         "path:${cfg.directory}#nixosConfigurations.router.config.system.build.toplevel")
       if [ "$new" = "$(readlink -f /run/current-system)" ]; then
         echo "router: no changes"
+        if [ "$new" = "$(readlink -f ${profile})" ]; then
+          install -m 0600 "$building" ${confirmed}
+        fi
+        rm -f "$building"
         exit 0
       fi
+      mv "$building" ${pending}
       router-arm "$timeout"
       echo "router: activating $new"
       "$new/bin/switch-to-configuration" test
     '';
   };
+
+  webui = pkgs.callPackage ../../pkgs/router-webui/package.nix { };
 in
 {
   # Outside `router`: the settings file defines that whole tree.
@@ -62,12 +77,34 @@ in
       default = "/var/lib/router/config";
       description = "Where the configuration (flake and settings) lives on the device.";
     };
+    stateDirectory = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+      default = "/var/lib/router";
+      description = "Secrets and web UI state (password hash, certificate).";
+    };
+    webui = {
+      enable = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.bool;
+        default = true;
+        description = "Serve the web UI (HTTPS) to LANs and tunnels with `allowManagement`.";
+      };
+      port = lib.mkOption {
+        type = lib.types.port;
+        default = 443;
+      };
+    };
   };
 
   config = {
-    router = settings.router // {
-      enable = true;
-    };
+    router = lib.mkMerge [
+      (settings.router // { enable = true; })
+      {
+        rollback.onConfirm = ''
+          if [ -e ${pending} ]; then mv ${pending} ${confirmed}; fi
+        '';
+      }
+      (lib.mkIf cfg.webui.enable { managementPorts = [ cfg.webui.port ]; })
+    ];
 
     networking.hostName = system.hostName or "router";
     time.timeZone = system.timeZone or "UTC";
@@ -79,7 +116,64 @@ in
       "flakes"
     ];
 
-    environment.systemPackages = [ apply ];
+    environment.systemPackages = [
+      apply
+      webui
+    ];
+
+    # The web UI starts these rather than running anything itself, so a switch
+    # that restarts the UI does not cut them short; a switch must not restart
+    # or stop them either (router-apply is what runs the switch).
+    systemd.services.router-apply = {
+      description = "Build and activate the router configuration";
+      restartIfChanged = false;
+      stopIfChanged = false;
+      path = [ "/run/current-system/sw" ];
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "oneshot";
+        ExecStart = lib.getExe apply;
+        TimeoutStartSec = "1h";
+      };
+    };
+    systemd.services.router-confirm = {
+      description = "Confirm the active router configuration";
+      restartIfChanged = false;
+      stopIfChanged = false;
+      path = [ "/run/current-system/sw" ];
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "oneshot";
+        ExecStart = "/run/current-system/sw/bin/router-confirm";
+      };
+    };
+
+    systemd.services.router-webui = lib.mkIf cfg.webui.enable {
+      description = "Router web UI";
+      wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
+      path = [ config.systemd.package ];
+      serviceConfig = {
+        ExecStart = "${lib.getExe webui} -listen :${toString cfg.webui.port} -config ${cfg.directory} -state ${cfg.stateDirectory}";
+        Restart = "on-failure";
+        # It edits settings and secrets and talks to systemd; nothing else.
+        ProtectSystem = "strict";
+        ReadWritePaths = [ cfg.stateDirectory ];
+        ProtectHome = true;
+        PrivateTmp = true;
+        PrivateDevices = true;
+        NoNewPrivileges = true;
+        ProtectKernelTunables = true;
+        ProtectKernelModules = true;
+        ProtectControlGroups = true;
+        RestrictAddressFamilies = [
+          "AF_UNIX"
+          "AF_INET"
+          "AF_INET6"
+          "AF_NETLINK"
+        ];
+        LockPersonality = true;
+        MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+      };
+    };
 
     # Rebuilding on the device must work without internet (the uplink may be
     # what is being configured). What a changed configuration rebuilds is all

pkgs/router-webui/auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/pbkdf2"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Password hashes are stored as "pbkdf2-sha256$<iterations>$<salt>$<key>"
+// (base64, no padding) in a file only root can read.
+const (
+	pbkdf2Iterations = 600_000
+	pbkdf2KeyLen     = 32
+)
+
+var b64 = base64.RawStdEncoding
+
+func hashPassword(password string) (string, error) {
+	salt := make([]byte, 16)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(salt); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	key, err := pbkdf2.Key(sha256.New, password, salt, pbkdf2Iterations, pbkdf2KeyLen)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("pbkdf2-sha256$%d$%s$%s", pbkdf2Iterations, b64.EncodeToString(salt), b64.EncodeToString(key)), nil
+}
+
+var errBadHash = errors.New("unrecognised password hash")
+
+func checkPassword(stored, password string) (bool, error) {
+	parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSpace(stored), "$")
+	if len(parts) != 4 || parts[0] != "pbkdf2-sha256" {
+		return false, errBadHash
+	}
+	iter, err := strconv.Atoi(parts[1])
+	if err != nil || iter < 1 {
+		return false, errBadHash
+	}
+	salt, err1 := b64.DecodeString(parts[2])
+	want, err2 := b64.DecodeString(parts[3])
+	if err1 != nil || err2 != nil || len(want) == 0 {
+		return false, errBadHash
+	}
+	got, err := pbkdf2.Key(sha256.New, password, salt, iter, len(want))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(got, want) == 1, nil
+}
+
+func randomToken() string {
+	b := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b)
+}
+
+// Sessions live in memory: a restart of the UI (e.g. by a switch) logs
+// everyone out, which is acceptable for a single-admin box.
+type session struct {
+	csrf    string
+	expires time.Time
+}
+
+type sessions struct {
+	mu  sync.Mutex
+	ttl time.Duration
+	m   map[string]session
+}
+
+func newSessions(ttl time.Duration) *sessions {
+	return &sessions{ttl: ttl, m: map[string]session{}}
+}
+
+func (s *sessions) create() (id string, sess session) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	id = randomToken()
+	sess = session{csrf: randomToken(), expires: time.Now().Add(s.ttl)}
+	s.m[id] = sess
+	return id, sess
+}
+
+// get returns the session and extends it.
+func (s *sessions) get(id string) (session, bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	sess, ok := s.m[id]
+	if !ok || time.Now().After(sess.expires) {
+		delete(s.m, id)
+		return session{}, false
+	}
+	sess.expires = time.Now().Add(s.ttl)
+	s.m[id] = sess
+	return sess, true
+}
+
+func (s *sessions) delete(id string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(s.m, id)
+}

pkgs/router-webui/auth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestPasswordHash(t *testing.T) {
+	h, err := hashPassword("correct horse")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if ok, err := checkPassword(h, "correct horse"); !ok || err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("right password rejected: %v", err)
+	}
+	if ok, _ := checkPassword(h, "wrong"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("wrong password accepted")
+	}
+	if _, err := checkPassword("plaintext", "plaintext"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("garbage hash accepted")
+	}
+}

pkgs/router-webui/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module router-webui
+
+go 1.27

pkgs/router-webui/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+// router-webui: a small web UI for a nixos-router configured by settings.json.
+//
+// It edits the settings, then asks systemd to run router-apply (build and
+// activate with commit-confirm) and router-confirm. It never builds anything
+// itself.
+//
+//	router-webui [-listen :443] [-config DIR] [-state DIR]
+//	router-webui passwd FILE   (reads the new password from stdin)
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"crypto/x509/pkix"
+	"embed"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"io/fs"
+	"log"
+	"math/big"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+//go:embed templates/*.html static/*
+var assets embed.FS
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) == 3 && os.Args[1] == "passwd" {
+		if err := setPassword(os.Args[2]); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	listen := flag.String("listen", ":443", "address to serve HTTPS on")
+	configDir := flag.String("config", "/var/lib/router/config", "configuration directory (settings.json)")
+	stateDir := flag.String("state", "/var/lib/router", "state directory (secrets, UI state)")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	sys := System{ConfigDir: *configDir, StateDir: *stateDir}
+	// What was installed is confirmed; later router-confirm keeps this copy.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(sys.confirmedPath()); errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+		if data, err := os.ReadFile(sys.settingsPath()); err == nil {
+			if err := writeFileAtomic(sys.confirmedPath(), data, 0o600); err != nil {
+				log.Printf("recording confirmed settings: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	cert, err := loadOrCreateCert(filepath.Join(*stateDir, "webui"))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	srv := &http.Server{
+		Addr:              *listen,
+		Handler:           newApp(sys).routes(),
+		TLSConfig:         &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert}, MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12},
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+	}
+	log.Printf("listening on %s", *listen)
+	log.Fatal(srv.ListenAndServeTLS("", ""))
+}
+
+func setPassword(path string) error {
+	line, err := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin).ReadString('\n')
+	if err != nil && line == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reading the password from stdin: %w", err)
+	}
+	password := strings.TrimRight(line, "\r\n")
+	if len(password) < 8 {
+		return errors.New("the password must have at least 8 characters")
+	}
+	hash, err := hashPassword(password)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writeFileAtomic(path, []byte(hash+"\n"), 0o600)
+}
+
+// loadOrCreateCert keeps a self-signed certificate in dir; browsers will warn
+// once, then the fingerprint stays the same.
+func loadOrCreateCert(dir string) (tls.Certificate, error) {
+	certFile, keyFile := filepath.Join(dir, "cert.pem"), filepath.Join(dir, "key.pem")
+	if cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile); err == nil {
+		return cert, nil
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return tls.Certificate{}, err
+	}
+	key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return tls.Certificate{}, err
+	}
+	host, _ := os.Hostname()
+	tmpl := &x509.Certificate{
+		SerialNumber: big.NewInt(time.Now().UnixNano()),
+		Subject:      pkix.Name{CommonName: host},
+		NotBefore:    time.Now().Add(-time.Hour),
+		NotAfter:     time.Now().AddDate(20, 0, 0),
+		KeyUsage:     x509.KeyUsageDigitalSignature,
+		ExtKeyUsage:  []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth},
+		DNSNames:     []string{host, "localhost"},
+	}
+	if addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs(); err == nil {
+		for _, a := range addrs {
+			if ipnet, ok := a.(*net.IPNet); ok {
+				tmpl.IPAddresses = append(tmpl.IPAddresses, ipnet.IP)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	der, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, tmpl, tmpl, &key.PublicKey, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return tls.Certificate{}, err
+	}
+	keyDER, err := x509.MarshalECPrivateKey(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return tls.Certificate{}, err
+	}
+	if err := writeFileAtomic(keyFile, pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "EC PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: keyDER}), 0o600); err != nil {
+		return tls.Certificate{}, err
+	}
+	if err := writeFileAtomic(certFile, pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: der}), 0o644); err != nil {
+		return tls.Certificate{}, err
+	}
+	return tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
+}
+
+type app struct {
+	sys      System
+	sessions *sessions
+	pages    map[string]*template.Template
+	loginMu  sync.Mutex // one login attempt at a time
+}
+
+func newApp(sys System) *app {
+	a := &app{sys: sys, sessions: newSessions(30 * time.Minute), pages: map[string]*template.Template{}}
+	funcs := template.FuncMap{
+		"short": func(p string) string {
+			if i := strings.LastIndex(p, "/"); i >= 0 && len(p) > i+34 {
+				return p[i+34:] // drop /nix/store/<hash>-
+			}
+			return p
+		},
+		"duration": func(d time.Duration) string { return d.Round(time.Second).String() },
+		"seconds":  func(d time.Duration) int { return int(d.Seconds()) },
+		"list":     func(xs ...string) []string { return xs },
+	}
+	for _, page := range []string{"login", "overview", "network", "advanced"} {
+		a.pages[page] = template.Must(template.New("layout.html").Funcs(funcs).
+			ParseFS(assets, "templates/layout.html", "templates/"+page+".html"))
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+func (a *app) routes() http.Handler {
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	static, _ := fs.Sub(assets, "static")
+	mux.Handle("GET /static/", http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServerFS(static)))
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /login", a.loginPage)
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /login", a.login)
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /logout", a.auth(a.logout))
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /{$}", a.auth(a.overview))
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /apply", a.auth(a.apply))
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /confirm", a.auth(a.confirm))
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /discard", a.auth(a.discard))
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /network", a.auth(a.networkPage))
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /network", a.auth(a.network))
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /advanced", a.auth(a.advancedPage))
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /advanced", a.auth(a.advanced))
+	return securityHeaders(mux)
+}
+
+func securityHeaders(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		h := w.Header()
+		h.Set("Content-Security-Policy", "default-src 'none'; style-src 'self'; form-action 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none'; base-uri 'none'")
+		h.Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
+		h.Set("Referrer-Policy", "no-referrer")
+		h.Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
+type page struct {
+	Title    string
+	CSRF     string
+	Refresh  int // seconds; 0 = none
+	Flash    string
+	Error    string
+	LoggedIn bool
+	Data     any
+}
+
+func (a *app) render(w http.ResponseWriter, name string, p page) {
+	if err := a.pages[name].Execute(w, p); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("rendering %s: %v", name, err)
+	}
+}
+
+const cookieName = "router-session"
+
+// auth requires a session; for POSTs also a matching CSRF token and, if the
+// browser sends one, a same-origin Origin header.
+func (a *app) auth(h func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, session)) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		c, err := r.Cookie(cookieName)
+		var sess session
+		ok := err == nil
+		if ok {
+			sess, ok = a.sessions.get(c.Value)
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			http.Redirect(w, r, "/login", http.StatusSeeOther)
+			return
+		}
+		if r.Method == http.MethodPost {
+			if !sameOrigin(r) || r.PostFormValue("csrf") != sess.csrf {
+				http.Error(w, "forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		h(w, r, sess)
+	}
+}
+
+func sameOrigin(r *http.Request) bool {
+	origin := r.Header.Get("Origin")
+	if origin == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	u, err := url.Parse(origin)
+	return err == nil && u.Host == r.Host
+}
+
+func (a *app) loginPage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	p := page{Title: "Log in"}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(a.sys.passwordPath()); err != nil {
+		p.Error = "No password is set. Set one on the router: router-webui passwd " + a.sys.passwordPath()
+	}
+	a.render(w, "login", p)
+}
+
+func (a *app) login(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if !sameOrigin(r) {
+		http.Error(w, "forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
+		return
+	}
+	a.loginMu.Lock()
+	defer a.loginMu.Unlock()
+	stored, err := os.ReadFile(a.sys.passwordPath())
+	ok := false
+	if err == nil {
+		ok, err = checkPassword(string(stored), r.PostFormValue("password"))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("password file: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		a.render(w, "login", page{Title: "Log in", Error: "Wrong password."})
+		return
+	}
+	id, _ := a.sessions.create()
+	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
+		Name: cookieName, Value: id, Path: "/",
+		HttpOnly: true, Secure: true, SameSite: http.SameSiteStrictMode,
+	})
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/", http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+func (a *app) logout(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
+	if c, err := r.Cookie(cookieName); err == nil {
+		a.sessions.delete(c.Value)
+	}
+	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{Name: cookieName, Path: "/", MaxAge: -1, Secure: true, HttpOnly: true})
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/login", http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+func (a *app) overview(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
+	st := a.sys.Status()
+	p := page{Title: "Overview", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Data: st, Flash: r.URL.Query().Get("msg")}
+	switch {
+	case st.Applying || st.ConfirmRunning:
+		p.Refresh = 2
+	case st.RollbackIn > 0:
+		p.Refresh = 10
+	}
+	a.render(w, "overview", p)
+}
+
+func back(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, msg string) {
+	http.Redirect(w, r, "/?msg="+url.QueryEscape(msg), http.StatusSeeOther)
+}
+
+func (a *app) apply(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
+	if err := a.sys.Apply(); err != nil {
+		back(w, r, "Could not start applying: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	back(w, r, "Applying the settings.")
+}
+
+func (a *app) confirm(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
+	if err := a.sys.Confirm(); err != nil {
+		back(w, r, "Could not confirm: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	back(w, r, "Confirming.")
+}
+
+func (a *app) discard(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ session) {
+	if err := a.sys.Discard(); err != nil {
+		back(w, r, "Could not discard: "+err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+	back(w, r, "Changes discarded; the settings match the confirmed system again.")
+}
+
+type networkData struct {
+	Form       Form
+	Errors     FormErrors
+	Interfaces []string
+}
+
+func (a *app) networkPage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
+	s, err := loadSettings(a.sys.settingsPath())
+	p := page{Title: "Network", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true}
+	if err != nil {
+		p.Error = err.Error()
+		a.render(w, "network", p)
+		return
+	}
+	f := s.form()
+	f.LANs = append(f.LANs, LANForm{DHCP: true}) // a row to add a LAN
+	p.Data = networkData{Form: f, Interfaces: Interfaces()}
+	a.render(w, "network", p)
+}
+
+func formFromRequest(r *http.Request) Form {
+	f := Form{
+		HostName: r.PostFormValue("hostName"),
+		WAN: WANForm{
+			Interface:     strings.TrimSpace(r.PostFormValue("wan.interface")),
+			Type:          r.PostFormValue("wan.type"),
+			PPPoEUser:     r.PostFormValue("wan.pppoe.username"),
+			PPPoEVLAN:     r.PostFormValue("wan.pppoe.vlan"),
+			PPPoEPassword: r.PostFormValue("wan.pppoe.password"),
+		},
+	}
+	n, _ := strconv.Atoi(r.PostFormValue("lans"))
+	for i := range min(n, 64) {
+		v := func(k string) string { return r.PostFormValue(fmt.Sprintf("lan.%d.%s", i, k)) }
+		f.LANs = append(f.LANs, LANForm{
+			Name:      v("name"),
+			Interface: strings.TrimSpace(v("interface")),
+			VLAN:      v("vlan"),
+			Address:   v("address"),
+			Prefix:    v("prefix"),
+			Internet:  v("internet") == "on",
+			DHCP:      v("dhcp") == "on",
+			PoolStart: v("poolStart"),
+			PoolEnd:   v("poolEnd"),
+			Remove:    v("remove") == "on",
+		})
+	}
+	return f
+}
+
+func (a *app) network(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
+	p := page{Title: "Network", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true}
+	s, err := loadSettings(a.sys.settingsPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		p.Error = err.Error()
+		a.render(w, "network", p)
+		return
+	}
+	f := formFromRequest(r)
+	password, err := s.apply(f, a.sys.pppoePath())
+	if err != nil {
+		var fe FormErrors
+		errors.As(err, &fe)
+		f.WAN.PPPoEPassword = ""
+		f.WAN.PasswordSet = s.form().WAN.PasswordSet
+		p.Error = "Please correct the marked fields."
+		p.Data = networkData{Form: f, Errors: fe, Interfaces: Interfaces()}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
+		a.render(w, "network", p)
+		return
+	}
+	if password != "" {
+		if err := writeFileAtomic(a.sys.pppoePath(), []byte(password), 0o600); err != nil {
+			p.Error = "Storing the PPPoE password: " + err.Error()
+			a.render(w, "network", p)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	if err := s.save(a.sys.settingsPath()); err != nil {
+		p.Error = "Saving: " + err.Error()
+		a.render(w, "network", p)
+		return
+	}
+	back(w, r, "Saved. Apply to make the changes take effect.")
+}
+
+func (a *app) advancedPage(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(a.sys.settingsPath())
+	p := page{Title: "Advanced", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Data: string(data)}
+	if err != nil {
+		p.Error = err.Error()
+	}
+	a.render(w, "advanced", p)
+}
+
+func (a *app) advanced(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, sess session) {
+	text := r.PostFormValue("settings")
+	s, err := parseSettings([]byte(text))
+	if err != nil {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnprocessableEntity)
+		a.render(w, "advanced", page{Title: "Advanced", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Data: text, Error: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.save(a.sys.settingsPath()); err != nil {
+		a.render(w, "advanced", page{Title: "Advanced", CSRF: sess.csrf, LoggedIn: true, Data: text, Error: err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	back(w, r, "Saved. Apply to make the changes take effect.")
+}

pkgs/router-webui/main_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func newTestApp(t *testing.T) (*app, System) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	sys := System{ConfigDir: filepath.Join(dir, "config"), StateDir: dir}
+	os.MkdirAll(sys.ConfigDir, 0o700)
+	os.WriteFile(sys.settingsPath(), []byte(sample), 0o600)
+	h, _ := hashPassword("hunter2hunter2")
+	os.WriteFile(sys.passwordPath(), []byte(h), 0o600)
+	return newApp(sys), sys
+}
+
+func do(h http.Handler, method, path string, form url.Values, cookie *http.Cookie) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	var req *http.Request
+	if form != nil {
+		req = httptest.NewRequest(method, path, strings.NewReader(form.Encode()))
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	} else {
+		req = httptest.NewRequest(method, path, nil)
+	}
+	if cookie != nil {
+		req.AddCookie(cookie)
+	}
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	return rec
+}
+
+func TestLoginAndSave(t *testing.T) {
+	a, sys := newTestApp(t)
+	h := a.routes()
+
+	if rec := do(h, "GET", "/network", nil, nil); rec.Code != http.StatusSeeOther {
+		t.Fatalf("unauthenticated access: %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+	if rec := do(h, "POST", "/login", url.Values{"password": {"nope"}}, nil); rec.Code != http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		t.Fatalf("wrong password: %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+	rec := do(h, "POST", "/login", url.Values{"password": {"hunter2hunter2"}}, nil)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusSeeOther || len(rec.Result().Cookies()) == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("login failed: %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+	cookie := rec.Result().Cookies()[0]
+
+	page := do(h, "GET", "/network", nil, cookie).Body.String()
+	m := regexp.MustCompile(`name="csrf" value="([^"]+)"`).FindStringSubmatch(page)
+	if m == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("no CSRF token in:\n%s", page)
+	}
+	form := url.Values{
+		"hostName": {"gw"}, "wan.interface": {"eth1"}, "wan.type": {"dhcp"},
+		"lans": {"1"}, "lan.0.name": {"main"}, "lan.0.interface": {"eth2"},
+		"lan.0.address": {"192.168.10.1"}, "lan.0.internet": {"on"}, "lan.0.dhcp": {"on"},
+		"lan.0.poolStart": {"192.168.10.100"}, "lan.0.poolEnd": {"192.168.10.120"},
+	}
+	if rec := do(h, "POST", "/network", form, cookie); rec.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Fatalf("POST without CSRF token: %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+	form.Set("csrf", m[1])
+	if rec := do(h, "POST", "/network", form, cookie); rec.Code != http.StatusSeeOther {
+		t.Fatalf("save: %d\n%s", rec.Code, rec.Body)
+	}
+	s, _ := loadSettings(sys.settingsPath())
+	if str(s, "system", "hostName") != "gw" || str(s, "router", "lans", "main", "dhcp", "pool", "end") != "192.168.10.120" {
+		t.Fatalf("not saved: %v", s)
+	}
+	if str(s, "router", "lans", "main", "dhcp", "reservations", "nas", "address") != "192.168.10.5" {
+		t.Fatal("the form dropped the reservation")
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/advanced", strings.NewReader(url.Values{"csrf": {m[1]}, "settings": {"{}"}}.Encode()))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	req.Header.Set("Origin", "https://evil.example")
+	req.AddCookie(cookie)
+	rec = httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Fatalf("cross-origin POST: %d", rec.Code)
+	}
+}

pkgs/router-webui/package.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{ lib, buildGo127Module }:
+buildGo127Module {
+  pname = "router-webui";
+  version = "0.1.0";
+  src = lib.fileset.toSource {
+    root = ./.;
+    fileset = lib.fileset.unions [
+      ./go.mod
+      (lib.fileset.fileFilter (f: f.hasExt "go") ./.)
+      ./templates
+      ./static
+    ];
+  };
+  # Standard library only.
+  vendorHash = null;
+  meta = {
+    description = "Web UI for a nixos-router configured by settings.json";
+    mainProgram = "router-webui";
+  };
+}

pkgs/router-webui/settings.go

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Settings is settings.json kept generic: the forms change the keys they know
+// and everything else (WireGuard, port forwards, ...) survives untouched.
+type Settings map[string]any
+
+func loadSettings(path string) (Settings, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return parseSettings(data)
+}
+
+func parseSettings(data []byte) (Settings, error) {
+	var s Settings
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("settings are not valid JSON: %w", err)
+	}
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("settings must be a JSON object")
+	}
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func (s Settings) marshal() ([]byte, error) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
+	enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
+	enc.SetEscapeHTML(false)
+	if err := enc.Encode(s); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+// writeFileAtomic replaces path so that readers never see a partial file.
+func writeFileAtomic(path string, data []byte, mode os.FileMode) error {
+	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Dir(path), "."+filepath.Base(path)+".*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(tmp.Name())
+	if _, err := tmp.Write(data); err != nil {
+		tmp.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := tmp.Chmod(mode); err != nil {
+		tmp.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := tmp.Sync(); err != nil {
+		tmp.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := tmp.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.Rename(tmp.Name(), path)
+}
+
+func (s Settings) save(path string) error {
+	data, err := s.marshal()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writeFileAtomic(path, data, 0o600)
+}
+
+// obj returns the object at key, creating it if needed.
+func obj(m map[string]any, key string) map[string]any {
+	if v, ok := m[key].(map[string]any); ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	v := map[string]any{}
+	m[key] = v
+	return v
+}
+
+func str(m map[string]any, keys ...string) string {
+	for _, k := range keys[:len(keys)-1] {
+		next, ok := m[k].(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return ""
+		}
+		m = next
+	}
+	switch v := m[keys[len(keys)-1]].(type) {
+	case string:
+		return v
+	case float64: // as decoded from JSON
+		return strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'f', -1, 64)
+	case int: // as set by apply
+		return strconv.Itoa(v)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func boolean(m map[string]any, def bool, keys ...string) bool {
+	for _, k := range keys[:len(keys)-1] {
+		next, ok := m[k].(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return def
+		}
+		m = next
+	}
+	if v, ok := m[keys[len(keys)-1]].(bool); ok {
+		return v
+	}
+	return def
+}
+
+// Form is what the network page edits.
+type Form struct {
+	HostName string
+	WAN      WANForm
+	LANs     []LANForm
+}
+
+type WANForm struct {
+	Interface     string
+	Type          string // "dhcp" or "pppoe"
+	PPPoEUser     string
+	PPPoEVLAN     string
+	PPPoEPassword string // write-only: empty keeps the stored one
+	PasswordSet   bool
+}
+
+type LANForm struct {
+	Name      string
+	Interface string
+	VLAN      string
+	Address   string
+	Prefix    string
+	Internet  bool
+	DHCP      bool
+	PoolStart string
+	PoolEnd   string
+	Remove    bool
+}
+
+func (s Settings) form() Form {
+	router, _ := s["router"].(map[string]any)
+	if router == nil {
+		router = map[string]any{}
+	}
+	f := Form{
+		HostName: str(s, "system", "hostName"),
+		WAN: WANForm{
+			Interface: str(router, "wan", "interface"),
+			Type:      str(router, "wan", "ipv4", "type"),
+			PPPoEUser: str(router, "wan", "ipv4", "pppoe", "username"),
+			PPPoEVLAN: str(router, "wan", "ipv4", "pppoe", "vlan"),
+		},
+	}
+	if f.WAN.Type == "" {
+		f.WAN.Type = "dhcp"
+	}
+	f.WAN.PasswordSet = str(router, "wan", "ipv4", "pppoe", "passwordFile") != ""
+	lans, _ := router["lans"].(map[string]any)
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(lans))
+	for name := range lans {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(names)
+	for _, name := range names {
+		l, _ := lans[name].(map[string]any)
+		if l == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		f.LANs = append(f.LANs, LANForm{
+			Name:      name,
+			Interface: str(l, "interface"),
+			VLAN:      str(l, "vlan"),
+			Address:   str(l, "ipv4", "address"),
+			Prefix:    str(l, "ipv4", "prefixLength"),
+			Internet:  boolean(l, false, "internet"),
+			DHCP:      boolean(l, true, "dhcp", "enable"),
+			PoolStart: str(l, "dhcp", "pool", "start"),
+			PoolEnd:   str(l, "dhcp", "pool", "end"),
+		})
+	}
+	return f
+}
+
+var (
+	nameRe  = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z][a-z0-9-]{0,14}$`)
+	ifaceRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]{1,15}$`)
+)
+
+// FormErrors maps a field to what is wrong with it.
+type FormErrors map[string]string
+
+func (e FormErrors) Error() string {
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(e))
+	for k := range e {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(keys)
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "%s: %s; ", k, e[k])
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(b.String(), "; ")
+}
+
+func optionalInt(v string, lo, hi int) (int, bool, error) {
+	v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+	if v == "" {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
+	if err != nil || n < lo || n > hi {
+		return 0, false, fmt.Errorf("must be a number from %d to %d", lo, hi)
+	}
+	return n, true, nil
+}
+
+func ipv4(v string) (netip.Addr, bool) {
+	a, err := netip.ParseAddr(strings.TrimSpace(v))
+	return a, err == nil && a.Is4()
+}
+
+// apply writes the form into the settings. Only basic checks happen here; the
+// build on the device validates the rest (and the router's assertions).
+// It returns the PPPoE password to store, if one was entered.
+func (s Settings) apply(f Form, passwordFile string) (string, error) {
+	errs := FormErrors{}
+	system := obj(s, "system")
+	router := obj(s, "router")
+	wan := obj(router, "wan")
+
+	if f.HostName = strings.TrimSpace(f.HostName); f.HostName != "" {
+		if !regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9-]{1,63}$`).MatchString(f.HostName) {
+			errs["hostName"] = "letters, digits and dashes only"
+		}
+		system["hostName"] = f.HostName
+	}
+
+	if !ifaceRe.MatchString(f.WAN.Interface) {
+		errs["wan.interface"] = "an interface name is required"
+	}
+	wan["interface"] = f.WAN.Interface
+	ipv4cfg := obj(wan, "ipv4")
+	switch f.WAN.Type {
+	case "dhcp":
+		ipv4cfg["type"] = "dhcp"
+	case "pppoe":
+		ipv4cfg["type"] = "pppoe"
+		pppoe := obj(ipv4cfg, "pppoe")
+		pppoe["username"] = strings.TrimSpace(f.WAN.PPPoEUser)
+		if pppoe["username"] == "" {
+			errs["wan.pppoe.username"] = "required for PPPoE"
+		}
+		if vlan, ok, err := optionalInt(f.WAN.PPPoEVLAN, 1, 4094); err != nil {
+			errs["wan.pppoe.vlan"] = err.Error()
+		} else if ok {
+			pppoe["vlan"] = vlan
+		} else {
+			delete(pppoe, "vlan")
+		}
+		if f.WAN.PPPoEPassword != "" {
+			pppoe["passwordFile"] = passwordFile
+		} else if str(pppoe, "passwordFile") == "" {
+			errs["wan.pppoe.password"] = "required for PPPoE"
+		}
+	default:
+		errs["wan.type"] = "must be dhcp or pppoe"
+	}
+
+	lans := obj(router, "lans")
+	keep := map[string]bool{}
+	for i, lf := range f.LANs {
+		field := func(n string) string { return fmt.Sprintf("lans[%d].%s", i, n) }
+		lf.Name = strings.TrimSpace(lf.Name)
+		if lf.Name == "" && lf.Interface == "" && lf.Address == "" {
+			continue // the empty "add a LAN" row
+		}
+		if !nameRe.MatchString(lf.Name) {
+			errs[field("name")] = "lowercase letters, digits and dashes, starting with a letter"
+			continue
+		}
+		if keep[lf.Name] {
+			errs[field("name")] = "used twice"
+			continue
+		}
+		if lf.Remove {
+			continue
+		}
+		keep[lf.Name] = true
+		l := obj(lans, lf.Name)
+		if !ifaceRe.MatchString(lf.Interface) {
+			errs[field("interface")] = "an interface name is required"
+		}
+		l["interface"] = lf.Interface
+		if vlan, ok, err := optionalInt(lf.VLAN, 1, 4094); err != nil {
+			errs[field("vlan")] = err.Error()
+		} else if ok {
+			l["vlan"] = vlan
+		} else {
+			delete(l, "vlan")
+		}
+		l["internet"] = lf.Internet
+		v4 := obj(l, "ipv4")
+		if _, ok := ipv4(lf.Address); !ok {
+			errs[field("address")] = "an IPv4 address is required"
+		}
+		v4["address"] = strings.TrimSpace(lf.Address)
+		if p, ok, err := optionalInt(lf.Prefix, 8, 30); err != nil {
+			errs[field("prefix")] = err.Error()
+		} else if ok {
+			v4["prefixLength"] = p
+		} else {
+			delete(v4, "prefixLength")
+		}
+		dhcp := obj(l, "dhcp")
+		dhcp["enable"] = lf.DHCP
+		if lf.DHCP {
+			start, ok1 := ipv4(lf.PoolStart)
+			end, ok2 := ipv4(lf.PoolEnd)
+			if !ok1 {
+				errs[field("poolStart")] = "an IPv4 address is required"
+			}
+			if !ok2 {
+				errs[field("poolEnd")] = "an IPv4 address is required"
+			}
+			if ok1 && ok2 && end.Less(start) {
+				errs[field("poolEnd")] = "must not be before the start"
+			}
+			pool := obj(dhcp, "pool")
+			pool["start"] = strings.TrimSpace(lf.PoolStart)
+			pool["end"] = strings.TrimSpace(lf.PoolEnd)
+		}
+	}
+	for name := range lans {
+		if !keep[name] {
+			delete(lans, name)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(keep) == 0 {
+		errs["lans"] = "at least one LAN is required"
+	}
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		return "", errs
+	}
+	return f.WAN.PPPoEPassword, nil
+}

pkgs/router-webui/settings_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+const sample = `{
+  "system": { "hostName": "router", "stateVersion": "26.11" },
+  "router": {
+    "wan": { "interface": "eth1" },
+    "lans": {
+      "main": {
+        "interface": "eth2", "internet": true,
+        "ipv4": { "address": "192.168.10.1" },
+        "dhcp": { "pool": { "start": "192.168.10.100", "end": "192.168.10.199" },
+                  "reservations": { "nas": { "mac": "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", "address": "192.168.10.5" } } },
+        "ipv6": { "address": "fd00::1/64" }
+      }
+    },
+    "wireguard": { "vpn": { "listenPort": 51820 } }
+  }
+}`
+
+func mustParse(t *testing.T) Settings {
+	t.Helper()
+	s, err := parseSettings([]byte(sample))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func TestFormReadsSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	f := mustParse(t).form()
+	if f.HostName != "router" || f.WAN.Interface != "eth1" || f.WAN.Type != "dhcp" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected form: %+v", f)
+	}
+	if len(f.LANs) != 1 || f.LANs[0].Name != "main" || !f.LANs[0].DHCP || !f.LANs[0].Internet ||
+		f.LANs[0].PoolEnd != "192.168.10.199" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected LANs: %+v", f.LANs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyKeepsUnknownKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	s := mustParse(t)
+	f := s.form()
+	f.LANs[0].PoolEnd = "192.168.10.150"
+	if _, err := s.apply(f, "/var/lib/router/pppoe-password"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	out, _ := s.marshal()
+	for _, want := range []string{`"192.168.10.150"`, `"reservations"`, `"fd00::1/64"`, `"wireguard"`, `"stateVersion"`} {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(out), want) {
+			t.Errorf("%s missing after apply:\n%s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyPPPoE(t *testing.T) {
+	s := mustParse(t)
+	f := s.form()
+	f.WAN.Type = "pppoe"
+	f.WAN.PPPoEUser = "user@isp"
+	f.WAN.PPPoEVLAN = "7"
+	if _, err := s.apply(f, "/pw"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("PPPoE without any password was accepted")
+	}
+	s = mustParse(t)
+	f.WAN.PPPoEPassword = "secret"
+	pw, err := s.apply(f, "/pw")
+	if err != nil || pw != "secret" {
+		t.Fatalf("apply: %q %v", pw, err)
+	}
+	if got := str(s, "router", "wan", "ipv4", "pppoe", "passwordFile"); got != "/pw" {
+		t.Errorf("passwordFile = %q", got)
+	}
+	out, _ := s.marshal()
+	if strings.Contains(string(out), "secret") {
+		t.Error("the password ended up in the settings")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(out), `"vlan": 7`) {
+		t.Errorf("vlan is not a number:\n%s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyValidates(t *testing.T) {
+	s := mustParse(t)
+	f := s.form()
+	f.LANs[0].Address = "not-an-ip"
+	f.LANs[0].VLAN = "5000"
+	f.LANs = append(f.LANs, LANForm{Name: "Bad Name", Interface: "eth3", Address: "10.0.0.1"})
+	_, err := s.apply(f, "/pw")
+	var fe FormErrors
+	if !errors.As(err, &fe) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected form errors, got %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, k := range []string{"lans[0].address", "lans[0].vlan", "lans[1].name"} {
+		if fe[k] == "" {
+			t.Errorf("no error for %s: %v", k, fe)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyAddsAndRemovesLANs(t *testing.T) {
+	s := mustParse(t)
+	f := s.form()
+	f.LANs = append(f.LANs, LANForm{Name: "guest", Interface: "eth2", VLAN: "20", Address: "192.168.30.1",
+		DHCP: true, PoolStart: "192.168.30.100", PoolEnd: "192.168.30.199"})
+	if _, err := s.apply(f, "/pw"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := s.form().LANs; len(got) != 2 || got[0].Name != "guest" || got[0].VLAN != "20" {
+		t.Fatalf("after adding: %+v", got)
+	}
+	f = s.form()
+	f.LANs[0].Remove = true
+	if _, err := s.apply(f, "/pw"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got := s.form().LANs; len(got) != 1 || got[0].Name != "main" {
+		t.Fatalf("after removing: %+v", got)
+	}
+	f = s.form()
+	f.LANs[0].Remove = true
+	if _, err := s.apply(f, "/pw"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("removing the last LAN was accepted")
+	}
+}

pkgs/router-webui/static/style.css

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+:root { --fg: #1d2125; --muted: #5b636b; --bg: #fff; --line: #d6dade; --accent: #2457c5; --warn: #fff4d6; --bad: #b3261e; --ok: #e6f2e9; }
+@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
+  :root { --fg: #e4e7ea; --muted: #9aa2aa; --bg: #15181b; --line: #30363c; --accent: #7aa2ff; --warn: #3a3218; --bad: #ff8a80; --ok: #1d3324; }
+}
+* { box-sizing: border-box; }
+body { margin: 0; font: 15px/1.5 system-ui, sans-serif; color: var(--fg); background: var(--bg); }
+header { display: flex; gap: 1.5rem; align-items: center; padding: .75rem 1rem; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); flex-wrap: wrap; }
+nav { display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }
+nav form { display: inline; }
+a { color: var(--accent); }
+main { max-width: 72rem; margin: 0 auto; padding: 1rem; }
+h1 { font-size: 1.4rem; margin: .5rem 0 1rem; }
+h2 { font-size: 1.1rem; margin: 0 0 .5rem; }
+section { margin: 0 0 1.25rem; }
+section.busy, section.pending { padding: .75rem 1rem; border-radius: 6px; background: var(--warn); }
+.flash { padding: .5rem .75rem; background: var(--ok); border-radius: 6px; }
+.error, .field-error { color: var(--bad); }
+.field-error { font-size: .9em; }
+.hint { color: var(--muted); font-size: .9em; margin: .25rem 0; }
+dl { display: grid; grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr; gap: .25rem 1rem; }
+dt { color: var(--muted); }
+dd { margin: 0; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
+fieldset { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; margin: 0 0 1rem; padding: .75rem 1rem; overflow-x: auto; }
+label { display: inline-flex; flex-direction: column; margin: 0 1rem .5rem 0; font-size: .9em; color: var(--muted); }
+input, select, textarea, button { font: inherit; color: var(--fg); background: var(--bg); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 4px; padding: .3rem .5rem; }
+textarea { width: 100%; font-family: ui-monospace, monospace; font-size: 13px; }
+table { border-collapse: collapse; }
+th { text-align: left; font-weight: 500; color: var(--muted); font-size: .85em; padding: 0 .3rem; }
+td { padding: .15rem .3rem; }
+button { background: var(--accent); color: var(--bg); border-color: var(--accent); cursor: pointer; padding: .4rem 1rem; }
+button.secondary { background: transparent; color: var(--accent); }
+button.link { background: none; border: none; color: var(--accent); padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; }
+.actions { display: flex; gap: .75rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }
+.narrow { max-width: 22rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .75rem; }
+.narrow label { margin: 0; }
+pre.log { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--line) 35%, transparent); padding: .75rem; border-radius: 6px; overflow-x: auto; font-size: 12.5px; max-height: 30rem; }
+code { font-size: .9em; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

pkgs/router-webui/system.go

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// System is how the UI acts on the box. Everything that changes the running
+// system goes through systemd units (router-apply, router-confirm), so a
+// switch that restarts the UI cannot cut an apply short.
+type System struct {
+	ConfigDir string // the configuration flake, settings.json in it
+	StateDir  string // /var/lib/router: secrets, UI state
+}
+
+func (s System) settingsPath() string  { return filepath.Join(s.ConfigDir, "settings.json") }
+func (s System) confirmedPath() string { return filepath.Join(s.StateDir, "settings.confirmed.json") }
+func (s System) passwordPath() string  { return filepath.Join(s.StateDir, "webui-password") }
+func (s System) pppoePath() string     { return filepath.Join(s.StateDir, "pppoe-password") }
+
+func command(name string, args ...string) (string, error) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...).CombinedOutput()
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out)), err
+}
+
+func unitProperty(unit, prop string) string {
+	out, _ := command("systemctl", "show", "--value", "-p", prop, unit)
+	return out
+}
+
+// Status is what the overview shows.
+type Status struct {
+	Current        string
+	Confirmed      string
+	Applying       bool
+	ApplyResult    string // "success", "exit-code", ... of the last apply ("" if none)
+	Log            string
+	RollbackIn     time.Duration // > 0 while a change awaits confirmation
+	Unapplied      bool          // settings.json differs from the confirmed settings
+	ConfirmRunning bool
+}
+
+func (s System) Status() Status {
+	st := Status{}
+	st.Current, _ = filepath.EvalSymlinks("/run/current-system")
+	st.Confirmed, _ = filepath.EvalSymlinks("/nix/var/nix/profiles/system")
+	state := unitProperty("router-apply.service", "ActiveState")
+	st.Applying = state == "activating"
+	if inv := unitProperty("router-apply.service", "InvocationID"); inv != "" {
+		st.ApplyResult = unitProperty("router-apply.service", "Result")
+		if st.Applying {
+			st.ApplyResult = ""
+		}
+		st.Log, _ = command("journalctl", "--no-pager", "-o", "cat", "-n", "200",
+			"_SYSTEMD_INVOCATION_ID="+inv)
+	}
+	st.ConfirmRunning = unitProperty("router-confirm.service", "ActiveState") == "activating"
+	st.RollbackIn = rollbackIn()
+	cur, err1 := os.ReadFile(s.settingsPath())
+	conf, err2 := os.ReadFile(s.confirmedPath())
+	st.Unapplied = err1 == nil && err2 == nil && !sameJSON(cur, conf)
+	return st
+}
+
+func sameJSON(a, b []byte) bool {
+	var x, y any
+	if json.Unmarshal(a, &x) != nil || json.Unmarshal(b, &y) != nil {
+		return bytes.Equal(a, b)
+	}
+	xa, _ := json.Marshal(x)
+	ya, _ := json.Marshal(y)
+	return bytes.Equal(xa, ya)
+}
+
+// rollbackIn is the time left on router-rollback.timer, armed by router-apply.
+func rollbackIn() time.Duration {
+	out, err := command("systemctl", "list-timers", "--output=json", "router-rollback.timer")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var timers []struct {
+		Next uint64 `json:"next"`
+		Unit string `json:"unit"`
+	}
+	if json.Unmarshal([]byte(out), &timers) != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	for _, t := range timers {
+		if t.Unit == "router-rollback.timer" && t.Next > 0 {
+			left := time.Until(time.UnixMicro(int64(t.Next)))
+			if left > 0 {
+				return left
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (s System) Apply() error {
+	_, err := command("systemctl", "start", "--no-block", "router-apply.service")
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s System) Confirm() error {
+	_, err := command("systemctl", "start", "--no-block", "router-confirm.service")
+	return err
+}
+
+// Discard puts back the settings of the confirmed system.
+func (s System) Discard() error {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(s.confirmedPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writeFileAtomic(s.settingsPath(), data, 0o600)
+}
+
+// Interfaces lists the physical-looking network devices, for the forms.
+func Interfaces() []string {
+	entries, _ := os.ReadDir("/sys/class/net")
+	var names []string
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		n := e.Name()
+		if n == "lo" {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Skip virtual devices (VLANs, PPP, WireGuard): they are not chosen
+		// as a LAN's or the uplink's interface.
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join("/sys/class/net", n, "device")); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		names = append(names, n)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(names)
+	return names
+}

pkgs/router-webui/templates/advanced.html

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{{define "content"}}
+<p>The complete settings: the <code>router</code> options of nixos-router as JSON, plus <code>system</code>.
+   They are checked when applied; nothing changes until then.</p>
+<form method="post" action="/advanced">
+  <input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{.CSRF}}">
+  <textarea name="settings" rows="30" spellcheck="false">{{.Data}}</textarea>
+  <button>Save</button>
+</form>
+{{end}}

pkgs/router-webui/templates/layout.html

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+{{if .Refresh}}<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="{{.Refresh}}">{{end}}
+<title>{{.Title}} · router</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/style.css">
+</head>
+<body>
+<header>
+  <strong>router</strong>
+  {{if .LoggedIn}}
+  <nav>
+    <a href="/">Overview</a>
+    <a href="/network">Network</a>
+    <a href="/advanced">Advanced</a>
+    <form method="post" action="/logout"><input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{.CSRF}}"><button class="link">Log out</button></form>
+  </nav>
+  {{end}}
+</header>
+<main>
+  <h1>{{.Title}}</h1>
+  {{if .Flash}}<p class="flash">{{.Flash}}</p>{{end}}
+  {{if .Error}}<p class="error">{{.Error}}</p>{{end}}
+  {{template "content" .}}
+</main>
+</body>
+</html>

pkgs/router-webui/templates/login.html

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{{define "content"}}
+<form method="post" action="/login" class="narrow">
+  <label>Password <input type="password" name="password" autocomplete="current-password" autofocus required></label>
+  <button>Log in</button>
+</form>
+{{end}}

pkgs/router-webui/templates/network.html

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{{define "content"}}
+{{with .Data}}
+{{$e := .Errors}}
+<form method="post" action="/network">
+  <input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{$.CSRF}}">
+  <datalist id="ifaces">{{range .Interfaces}}<option value="{{.}}">{{end}}</datalist>
+
+  <fieldset>
+    <legend>System</legend>
+    <label>Host name <input name="hostName" value="{{.Form.HostName}}"></label>
+    {{with index $e "hostName"}}<span class="field-error">{{.}}</span>{{end}}
+  </fieldset>
+
+  <fieldset>
+    <legend>Uplink (WAN)</legend>
+    <label>Interface <input name="wan.interface" list="ifaces" value="{{.Form.WAN.Interface}}" required></label>
+    {{with index $e "wan.interface"}}<span class="field-error">{{.}}</span>{{end}}
+    <label>Type
+      <select name="wan.type">
+        <option value="dhcp" {{if eq .Form.WAN.Type "dhcp"}}selected{{end}}>DHCP</option>
+        <option value="pppoe" {{if eq .Form.WAN.Type "pppoe"}}selected{{end}}>PPPoE</option>
+      </select>
+    </label>
+    <div class="sub">
+      <p class="hint">PPPoE only:</p>
+      <label>Username <input name="wan.pppoe.username" value="{{.Form.WAN.PPPoEUser}}" autocomplete="off"></label>
+      {{with index $e "wan.pppoe.username"}}<span class="field-error">{{.}}</span>{{end}}
+      <label>Password <input type="password" name="wan.pppoe.password" autocomplete="new-password"
+        placeholder="{{if .Form.WAN.PasswordSet}}stored — leave empty to keep{{end}}"></label>
+      {{with index $e "wan.pppoe.password"}}<span class="field-error">{{.}}</span>{{end}}
+      <label>VLAN <input name="wan.pppoe.vlan" value="{{.Form.WAN.PPPoEVLAN}}" inputmode="numeric" placeholder="untagged"></label>
+      {{with index $e "wan.pppoe.vlan"}}<span class="field-error">{{.}}</span>{{end}}
+    </div>
+  </fieldset>
+
+  <fieldset>
+    <legend>LANs</legend>
+    {{with index $e "lans"}}<p class="field-error">{{.}}</p>{{end}}
+    <input type="hidden" name="lans" value="{{len .Form.LANs}}">
+    <table>
+      <tr><th>Name</th><th>Interface</th><th>VLAN</th><th>Address</th><th>Prefix</th><th>Internet</th><th>DHCP</th><th>Pool start</th><th>Pool end</th><th>Remove</th></tr>
+      {{range $i, $l := .Form.LANs}}
+      <tr>
+        <td><input name="lan.{{$i}}.name" value="{{$l.Name}}" size="8" placeholder="new"></td>
+        <td><input name="lan.{{$i}}.interface" list="ifaces" value="{{$l.Interface}}" size="8"></td>
+        <td><input name="lan.{{$i}}.vlan" value="{{$l.VLAN}}" size="4" inputmode="numeric"></td>
+        <td><input name="lan.{{$i}}.address" value="{{$l.Address}}" size="13"></td>
+        <td><input name="lan.{{$i}}.prefix" value="{{$l.Prefix}}" size="2" inputmode="numeric" placeholder="24"></td>
+        <td><input type="checkbox" name="lan.{{$i}}.internet" {{if $l.Internet}}checked{{end}}></td>
+        <td><input type="checkbox" name="lan.{{$i}}.dhcp" {{if $l.DHCP}}checked{{end}}></td>
+        <td><input name="lan.{{$i}}.poolStart" value="{{$l.PoolStart}}" size="13"></td>
+        <td><input name="lan.{{$i}}.poolEnd" value="{{$l.PoolEnd}}" size="13"></td>
+        <td>{{if $l.Name}}<input type="checkbox" name="lan.{{$i}}.remove">{{end}}</td>
+      </tr>
+      {{range $f := list "name" "interface" "vlan" "address" "prefix" "poolStart" "poolEnd"}}{{with index $e (printf "lans[%d].%s" $i $f)}}<tr><td colspan="10" class="field-error">{{$f}}: {{.}}</td></tr>{{end}}{{end}}
+      {{end}}
+    </table>
+    <p class="hint">Fill in the last row to add a LAN. Other LAN settings (IPv6, reservations, zones) are kept; edit them under Advanced.</p>
+  </fieldset>
+
+  <button>Save</button>
+</form>
+{{end}}
+{{end}}

pkgs/router-webui/templates/overview.html

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{{define "content"}}
+{{$s := .Data}}
+<section>
+  <dl>
+    <dt>Running system</dt><dd><code>{{short $s.Current}}</code></dd>
+    <dt>Confirmed system</dt><dd><code>{{short $s.Confirmed}}</code></dd>
+  </dl>
+</section>
+
+{{if $s.Applying}}
+<section class="busy"><h2>Applying…</h2><p>Building the new configuration. This page refreshes on its own.</p></section>
+{{else if $s.ConfirmRunning}}
+<section class="busy"><h2>Confirming…</h2></section>
+{{else if gt (seconds $s.RollbackIn) 0}}
+<section class="pending">
+  <h2>Waiting for confirmation</h2>
+  <p>The new configuration is active. Unless you confirm it within <strong>{{duration $s.RollbackIn}}</strong>,
+     the router goes back to the confirmed system on its own.</p>
+  <form method="post" action="/confirm"><input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{.CSRF}}"><button>Confirm</button></form>
+</section>
+{{else}}
+<section>
+  {{if $s.Unapplied}}<p>The settings have changes that are not part of the confirmed system.</p>{{else}}<p>The settings match the confirmed system.</p>{{end}}
+  <div class="actions">
+    <form method="post" action="/apply"><input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{.CSRF}}"><button>Apply</button></form>
+    {{if $s.Unapplied}}<form method="post" action="/discard"><input type="hidden" name="csrf" value="{{.CSRF}}"><button class="secondary">Discard changes</button></form>{{end}}
+  </div>
+</section>
+{{end}}
+
+{{if $s.Log}}
+<section>
+  <h2>Last apply{{if $s.ApplyResult}} — {{if eq $s.ApplyResult "success"}}succeeded{{else}}failed ({{$s.ApplyResult}}){{end}}{{end}}</h2>
+  <pre class="log">{{$s.Log}}</pre>
+</section>
+{{end}}
+{{end}}

tests/apply.nix

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 # without network, then
 #   - rebuilding the unchanged settings gives exactly the installed system,
 #   - a changed setting is built offline, activated and confirmed,
-#   - an unconfirmed change is rolled back.
+#   - an unconfirmed change is rolled back,
+#   - and the same through the web UI from a LAN client: discard the
+#     unapplied change, edit the DHCP pool, apply, confirm.
 { self, pkgs }:
 let
   inherit (pkgs) lib;
@@ -75,6 +77,19 @@ pkgs.testers.runNixOSTest {
         nix.settings.substituters = lib.mkForce [ ];
       };
 
+    client =
+      { lib, ... }:
+      {
+        imports = [ common.tools ];
+        virtualisation.vlans = [ 2 ];
+        networking.interfaces.eth1.ipv4.addresses = lib.mkForce [
+          {
+            address = "192.168.10.50";
+            prefixLength = 24;
+          }
+        ];
+      };
+
     target = {
       imports = [ sharedDisk ];
       # Evaluating a NixOS system takes memory.
@@ -136,5 +151,50 @@ pkgs.testers.runNixOSTest {
         assert pool_end() == "192.168.10.120"
         target.wait_until_succeeds(f"test $(readlink -f /run/current-system) = {confirmed}", timeout=120)
         assert pool_end() == "192.168.10.150"
+
+    ui = "https://192.168.10.1"
+
+    def curl(args):
+        return client.succeed(f"curl -sk -b /tmp/jar -c /tmp/jar {args}")
+
+    def csrf(path):
+        return curl(f"{ui}{path} | grep -o 'name=\"csrf\" value=\"[^\"]*' | head -1 | cut -d'\"' -f4").strip()
+
+    with subtest("the web UI is reachable from the LAN and wants the password"):
+        target.succeed("echo hunter2hunter2 | router-webui passwd /var/lib/router/webui-password")
+        target.wait_for_unit("router-webui.service")
+        client.start()
+        client.wait_until_succeeds(f"curl -sk -o /dev/null {ui}/login", timeout=60)
+        assert curl(f"-o /dev/null -w '%{{http_code}}' -d password=wrong {ui}/login") == "401"
+        assert curl(f"-o /dev/null -w '%{{http_code}}' -d password=hunter2hunter2 {ui}/login") == "303"
+
+    with subtest("the web UI shows the rolled back change as unapplied and discards it"):
+        page = curl(f"{ui}/")
+        assert "not part of the confirmed system" in page, page
+        token = csrf("/")
+        curl(f"-d csrf={token} {ui}/discard")
+        assert "192.168.10.150" in target.succeed("cat /var/lib/router/config/settings.json")
+        assert "match the confirmed system" in curl(f"{ui}/")
+
+    with subtest("a change made in the web UI is applied and confirmed"):
+        token = csrf("/network")
+        form = " ".join(f"--data-urlencode '{k}={v}'" for k, v in {
+            "csrf": token, "hostName": "router", "wan.interface": "eth1", "wan.type": "dhcp",
+            "lans": "1", "lan.0.name": "main", "lan.0.interface": "eth2", "lan.0.address": "192.168.10.1",
+            "lan.0.internet": "on", "lan.0.dhcp": "on",
+            "lan.0.poolStart": "192.168.10.100", "lan.0.poolEnd": "192.168.10.130",
+        }.items())
+        assert curl(f"-o /dev/null -w '%{{http_code}}' -X POST {ui}/network") == "403"
+        assert curl(f"-o /dev/null -w '%{{http_code}}' {form} {ui}/network") == "303"
+        curl(f"-d csrf={csrf('/')} {ui}/apply")
+        target.wait_until_succeeds("test $(systemctl show -p ActiveState --value router-apply.service) = inactive"
+                                   " && test $(systemctl show -p Result --value router-apply.service) = success", timeout=600)
+        assert pool_end() == "192.168.10.130"
+        assert "Waiting for confirmation" in curl(f"{ui}/")
+        curl(f"-d csrf={csrf('/')} {ui}/confirm")
+        target.wait_until_fails("systemctl is-active router-rollback.timer", timeout=60)
+        target.wait_until_succeeds("test $(systemctl show -p ActiveState --value router-confirm.service) = inactive")
+        assert target.succeed("readlink -f /nix/var/nix/profiles/system").strip() == current()
+        assert "match the confirmed system" in curl(f"{ui}/")
   '';
 }